Bookplate of the Komite zur Förderung Thoradienst Gemeinden in Palästina Frankfurt a.M. |
I've long been interested in the mass movement of books that took place over the 19th and 20th centuries, whether as a result of the dissolution of monasteries, the increased economic and cultural resources of the United States, or the unprecedented tragedies of the World Wars. The wide-scale looting and destruction of books and cultural artifacts by the Third Reich in the 1930s and 40s has drawn an increasing amount of scholarly interest in the past few decades [1]. Even George Clooney is getting in on the action with his upcoming movie on the "Monuments Men" team that worked to locate and preserve works of art during the last months of the war. In reading more about the fate of books and libraries destroyed or stolen by the Nazi regime I was excited to see that the records kept by the central collecting point for looted books at Offenbach were available both in microfilm and (for a fee) online. These records were largely compiled and saved by Ardelia Hall (1899-1979) who was an adviser to the State Department with a tireless focus on returning looted WWII property.
Front Cover of Vol. II (Western) of the albums assembled at Offenbach (this image: S.J. Pomrenze Papers, Center for Jewish History) |
To aid their work of cultural restitution, officers at the Offenbach depot made several albums of photographed bookstamps and marks found inside books in their care, which they organized by apparent place of origin. They also created additional albums featuring markings from private libraries and owners which bore no readily identifiable geographic point of origin. All told the albums contain thousands of ownership marks, a perfect candidate for mapping. Feeling decidedly unqualified to tackle the album of markings from Eastern Europe or the vast number of miscellaneous private stamps, I started with those from Western Europe. The Western European album compiled at Offenbach includes pages categorized by country, i.e. America, Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Palestine, Spain, and Switzerland, with by far and away the greatest number coming from Germany (344/514). In all there are more than 500 ownership markings present in this geographically sorted album [2].
Distribution of book markings in "Germany" volume from the Offenbach Archival Depot |
Each page of the album usually contained many reproductions of book markings crammed together with a reference number but no textual caption. Wanting to create a database of individual library marks, I began by isolating each bookstamp or mark from the album, beginning with those from Germany. I wanted to see geographically where these likely-destroyed libraries and private collections were located and to be able to sort out different types of institutions which had been targeted by the Nazis. The results of this mapping can be seen above and are searchable at http://viewshare.org/views/mfraas/offenbach-bookplates/ [does not work in IE].
In all I mapped 289 library markings to 127 locations with 55 markings remaining unknown to me (images of each individual library mark including the 55 unknown are also available on Flickr). The very top of the list is not surprising, Berlin and Frankfurt virtually tied (32 and 31) for the cities with the most library markings recorded in the Offenbach album, but I was a little surprised that the relatively small city of Hildesheim had as many markings recorded as Hamburg.
It should be kept in mind as well that these figures only represent those library markings in the "Germany" Offenbach album, countless private and otherwise unidentified-by-place markings exist in the other albums. I faced more difficulty in coming up with vocabulary with which to categorize the types of libraries present in this album. The overwhelming majority of book markings of course came from Jewish institutional or private libraries but in my cataloging of the book markings I have largely reserved the "Jewish" library label for institutional libraries such as those of synagogues and communal organizations and not private libraries of those who have names that might suggest Jewish ancestry. As a result, a significant number of library markings are coded as "other." Nonetheless as the map shows below, there is still value in looking at the library markings by type:
Cluster of Jewish libraries near Koblenz |
NARA M1942 (reel 12, frame 541) |
First Page of "Germany" in album II (marks 1-7) (this image: S.J. Pomrenze Papers, Center for Jewish History) |
Obviously mapping just shy of 350 library markings is not going to accomplish this task and I'm excited to move forward to try and catalog all of the markings in the Offenbach albums. This can only be accomplished by a large number of participants with the knowledge and language skills to identify often hard-to-read reproductions [3]. Fortunately, the Center for Jewish History in New York has digitized copies of the albums owned by Col. Seymour Pomrenze, one of the American officers assigned to Offenbach. These albums are virtually identical to those in the National Archives and the CJH digitized images are of better quality than the NARA microfilm. Though I haven't cataloged or geo-located them yet I have used the CJH images to put online the remaining 174 library markings from the "Western Europe" album on Flickr. Melanie Meyers and others at the CJH are working on identifying a broad swath of Eastern European and other marks from the albums and I hope in time a more complete picture, usable for research and discovery, emerges.
------------
Wow library is one of the best place of gaining their knowledge. And your idea is really wonderful.
ReplyDeleteIt is really helpful for readers who are looking for PHP assignment help. I also work in the same area and provide assignment help to students for various subjects. Most of my students are from parts of the UK, USA, India, and Singapore. Visit our website to know our areas of expertise and let us know if we can be of help. Also Read:
ReplyDeletehow many pages is 1000 words.
Hire model escort girls from our Aerocity Escorts agency in 5-star hotels. We provide incall and outcall escorts service in Aerocity to make you happy.
ReplyDeleteDear admin, I am Abbie from USA. I really enjoyed this website blogs with informative information. This is really so Great resource that you are providing and you give it away for free to many readers. It gives in depth information about this topic. Thanks for this valuable information and keep sharing more others blogs and topics. english assignment help - android assignment help - fashion assignment help - assignment help
ReplyDeleteAssignment Help assistance that is taken online is easy smooth and efficient. It does the job for all the students and all the students love to take the online assignment assistance for finishing their assignments. due to the easy availability and purchase of online assignment help can be used by any student of the world and they can take its benefit as per their convenience
ReplyDeleteI believe this will help your website become more organized because you have decided to set a part on this site for the inquiries regarding tax and as well as the helpful discussions. To be honest, this is one of the few sites that are doing this kind of strategy. Also, I think that this will not only benefit your clients help with assignment or the potential ones but you most especially because you will be able to see the questions easier.
ReplyDeleteEveryone should have to read the books that very great benefits for the knowledge as one qoute I remember readers are leaders. When I got free time from redlink then I used to book or article.
ReplyDeleteThanks for such wonderful blog that looks pretty different, I would suggest you please make a proper plan for your blog and start professional blogging as a career, One day you would be paper writing service smart enough to earn some money, wishing you a best of luck my friend, Thanks a lot for your nice support and love.
ReplyDeleteThank you�� Foreign visitors who wish to visit the Turkey need to apply visa to Turkey online. apply for Turkey evisa, travelers need to fill out an application form, select your country and click on the blue button that reads- Apply.
ReplyDeleteThe very next time I read a blog, I hope that it won’t fail me as much as this particular one. I mean, Yes, it was my choice to read through, however I genuinely believed you would have something helpful to say. essay assistance uk All I hear is a bunch of complaining about something that you could fix if you weren’t too busy searching for attention.
ReplyDeleteGreat write up. I have never seen such a masterpiece formulated with precision, accuracy and much-needed information. Thanks for sharing. But you want to access ample datasets for your assignments, take free assistance from SourceEssay Essay Typer.
ReplyDeleteOur company was founded by a group of white and blue collar average individuals who were tired of getting the runaround on Product and Service (Labor) warranties that either didn’t come with the purchase, was misplaced or lost over time , at risk of expiring which needs an extension. This daily runaround came from everyday well-known manufacturers and retailers in our local neighborhoods. The manufacturers and retailers we are referring to always found something in the “fine print” to discredit and disqualify the warranty policy of the product or service. This leaves us, the consumer, with no alternative other than to buy a new product or pay for the service again.
ReplyDeleteThank you The international travelers who travel to Kenya need kenya online visa. That they can apply online and can get the 24*7 customer assistant.
ReplyDeleteHi, I really enjoyed reading your post, and hope to read more. Thank you so much for sharing this. best insurance for car
ReplyDeleteH0t Profile Picture
ReplyDeleteLadyinSwimwear
MatureFemale
LadyinSwimwear
CollegeGoingGirl
IndianAunty
Indianface
ImageGallery
VideoGallery
VideoGallery
I love to read this, thank you... apply for Indian tourist visa online is easy. You can apply online completely securely through eVisa Indian website.
ReplyDeleteIs this a paid theme or did you modify it yourself?
ReplyDeleteEither way stay up the excellent high quality writing, it is uncommon to see a great blog like this one these days..
섯다
It is good to hear that your store is now expanding to new locations. I have been a patron of Fantastic Eyes because of all the wonderful work that you guys do. I hope that this expansion move of yours will turn out to be successful. I will definitely essay helper uk go and see this new store of yours
ReplyDeleteFast-paced, thrilling 3D Tank Hero Mod Apk action for your Android phone. Shoot your enemies from the front, lay down shields or napkin shields, or call in the tanks to do the fighting. Battle against cunning, relentless enemies and become the ultimate Tank Hero! " Tank Hero is an exciting game that evolves on its own" - Slide To Play. Available now for free download!
ReplyDeleteEnjoy the intense tank hero apk action with the unique gameplay of Tank Hero Android App. Tank Heroes is elite soldiers that fight off enemy attacks with powerful weapons or shields. The more enemies you kill the more points you earn. Plus you also get rewarded for making fewer enemies. You can't die! This game provides unlimited hours of excitement as you blast your way through waves of enemy soldiers, zombies, robots, and more.
https://apkmodule.com/tank-hero-mod-apk/
Vashikaran Specialist IN Punjab AMRITSAR –
ReplyDeleteHow to get lost love back baba ji – +91-8437491131
ReplyDeletehow to get back your lost love in islam
ReplyDeleteLOVE Problem specialist baba ji – 8437491131
ReplyDeleteIt generally bears the marks of the library, which may take the form of stamps, embossed seals, written call numbers, or even a glued-in pocket for a check-out card.
ReplyDeleteMarks and the digital Library continue to expand WorthPoint’s commitment to help collectors turn information into knowledge.
ReplyDeleteExceptional article, also if you need any help related to the spacebar clicker games. An online tool to count the total number of clicks you have performed in a predefined time duration using the space bar click test.Please visit and share your thoughts.
ReplyDeleteThis is an excellent post I seen thanks to share it. It is really what I wanted to see hope in future you will continue for sharing such a excellent post. bitmain antminer s19
ReplyDeleteI am still learning of your stuff, and i am attempting to achieve my objectives. I completely adore reading through all that is written in your website. Maintain the actual ideas arriving for long term ! Thanks ! Great info! I recently came across your blog and have been reading along. I thought I would leave my first comment. I don’t know what to say except that I have. I discovered your this post while taking a gander at for some related information on blog search...It's a not all that horrendous post..keep posting and invigorate the information. I’m sure it is the most vital information for me personally. And i am glad reading your article. But should remark on few general things, Your website style is ideal, the articles really is excellent . 승인전화없는 카지노
ReplyDeletenderstand several threads within this web page in addition to I'm sure that a world-wide-web blog site is usually authentic useful possesses bought bags connected with excellent facts. 안전토토사이트
ReplyDeleteThanks for this article and the opportunity to learn more about italian culture
ReplyDeleteCan you post this full book because I can't found this book online but half:https://apkomex.com/mortal-kombat-11-mod-apk/
ReplyDeletekralbet
ReplyDeletebetpark
tipobet
slot siteleri
kibris bahis siteleri
poker siteleri
bonus veren siteler
mobil ödeme bahis
betmatik
PY4VKB
hii
ReplyDeleteYour writing is both informative and engaging. It's evident that you have a passion for the subject, and it shines through in your work.I've reached a new level of clicking enlightenment thanks to Clicks per second Test. It's like a digital Zen garden for my fingers.
ReplyDelete
ReplyDeleteThis blog embarks on an intellectual voyage, weaving through uncharted realms of insight. The author's prose serves as a compass, navigating intricate landscapes of thought. Each paragraph unfolds like a chapter in a symphony of enlightenment, transcending conventional reading. It's an immersive journey, leaving an indelible mark on the reader's intellectual exploration.
I am Catherine, an academic writer at Global Assignment Expert UK. We help students with economics assignments, essay writing, case studies, and many more. Economics assignment help mostly focuses on students, who are facing a lot of problems in their assignments and projects. Our experts have the best knowledge about all these fields, that I have mentioned above. So connect with us for all your global assignment help. And we guarantee you to solve all your queries related to your projects.
ReplyDeleteDummy schools in Jaipur are unaccredited institutions that operate without proper oversight or educational standards. They often deceive students and parents by offering subpar education or fraudulent qualifications. Such establishments undermine the integrity of the educational system and pose risks to the well-being of students. Authorities aim to identify and shut down these illegitimate operations to uphold educational quality and protect the community.
ReplyDeleteImmerse yourself in an intellectual banquet through our blog post, where enlightening perspectives are served like a feast. Each paragraph adds a brushstroke to an intricate painting, crafting a vibrant tapestry of ideas. Allow us to share some information with you: Experience affordability and convenience through our streamlined online process. Secure your e-visa at a reasonable cost.
ReplyDeleteTruly exceptional! Your post resonates with a perfect blend of clarity and sophistication. I admire your knack for unraveling complex topics with such finesse, making them accessible to all. Your writing style is captivating, holding the reader's attention from start to finish. I'm eager to explore more of your compelling insights. Keep up the incredible work, and keep those thought-provoking posts coming.
ReplyDeleteWithin the expansive digital domain, ideas converge and creativity blossoms. Here, you're not a passive observer but an active participant in online creation. Every upload mirrors your unique viewpoint, adding layers to the canvas of digital expression. Whether you're sharing insights, crafting stories, or contemplating musings, each fragment enriches the ever-evolving landscape of online dialogue.
ReplyDeleteBravo! Your blog never fails to impress with its wealth of wisdom. Each post feels like a treasure trove of valuable insights waiting to be discovered. Your ability to distill complex ideas into simple, actionable steps is a gift. I can't thank you enough for making learning such a joyous experience. Your expertise shines through every word, and I'm grateful for the opportunity to soak it all in. Keep up the phenomenal work—you're truly making a difference.
ReplyDeleteThe author had such a gift for vivid language and storytelling. I could really envision the scenes. Read this article What’s Your Mental Age?. Knowing your mental age can help you understand your cognitive profile as you get older.
ReplyDeleteThis article give me a lot of inspiration. thank you for letting me see this information.
ReplyDeleteI have joined your feed and look forward to see more of this magnificent blog, thanks
ReplyDeleteI have usually enjoyed checking out this site. Great work you showcase here
ReplyDeleteI am impressed with writing skills as well as the layout of this weblog. Awesome
ReplyDeletegjhghgkghklhjljkl
ReplyDeleteصيانة افران بالمدينة المنورة
شركة مكافحة حشرات sDR6UDFKlt
ReplyDeleteشركة مكافحة الحمام بر اس تنورة W0QuYYkuNM
ReplyDeleteHi! I like to give you a huge thumbs up for the great info right here, Love it
ReplyDeleteYou provide the correct information here I really bookmark it, You're awesome
ReplyDeleteYou make so many great post here that I read this article twice. Keep us updated
ReplyDeleteشركة تسليك مجاري بالجبيل DoJnvnRDuE
ReplyDeleteIt's fascinating to see how digital tools are being used to catalog provenance markings and trace the history of books and libraries. Projects like this can offer invaluable insights, especially for scholars reconstructing networks of texts impacted by historical events. In a similar way, equipment finance in Canada helps preserve industries' access to vital resources, allowing for continued cultural and economic growth.
ReplyDeleteLibrary markings in looted books are a fascinating glimpse into the past, often telling the story of how these books traveled through times of conflict. If you're working on an assignment about this topic, it can be tricky to organize all the details. Sometimes, getting help to write my assignment online can make the process easier. Services like Assignment Service can guide you through the research and structure your ideas effectively.
ReplyDelete
ReplyDeleteLibrary markings from looted books remind us of the importance of preserving knowledge and resources. As a student, I know how valuable it is to have the right support when working on a big project. I was stuck with my PhD proposal and needed some guidance. That’s when I turned to Dissertation Help Services. Theirphd proposal writing service helped me organize my ideas and create a strong, clear proposal. They made the whole process so much easier.